Atmosphere, Volume 17, Issue 4

Wind energy is an important form of clean energy, and its rational utilization represents a crucial solution for mitigating the energy crisis and global warming. In this study, wind energy potential and its long-term changes in the South China Sea (S...

Accurate air quality forecasting requires the effective integration of heterogeneous data sources that vary in spatial coverage, temporal resolution, and sensing reliability. This paper presents a unified spatio-temporal data processing framework des...

This study investigates ionospheric total electron content (TEC) estimation based on GPS and Galileo data collected aboard the training ship (HANS) from DOY 249 to 300 in 2024. The combined GPS/Galileo TEC is compared with the CODE global ionospheric...

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is a major agricultural greenhouse gas. Its direct emission factor (EF) is a key parameter for greenhouse gas inventories and developing mitigation strategies. However, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) default...

Based on hourly reanalysis data during 2010–2020, the Self-Organizing Map method is used to objectively classify convective precipitation events in the Chengdu terminal area. Combined with circulation background characteristics, the results are...

Although heatwaves are typically defined by meteorological thresholds over consecutive days, their health impacts often extend far beyond periods of elevated temperatures [...]

This study estimates China’s methane (CH₄) emissions from 43 specific emission sources in 2020 and projects future trends through 2050 under two scenarios: Current Legislation (CLE) and Maximum Technically Feasible Reduction (MFR). The analysis...

Accurate forecasts of tropical cyclone (TC) track and intensity with a sufficient lead time are critical for disaster preparedness and risk mitigation. Traditional numerical weather prediction models, while fundamental to operational forecasting, oft...

Methane (CH₄) is a major component of natural gas and a potent greenhouse gas. Increasing atmospheric methane concentrations are attributed to emissive anthropogenic activities by an average of 13 ppb per yr since 2020 and are linked to a changing gl...

Fog is a near-surface weather phenomenon with low visibility that significantly threatens transportation safety. Understanding the spatiotemporal evolution and formation mechanisms of fog is essential for improving fog forecasting and warning service...

Gaseous emissions from coal combustion during electricity generation continue to be a challenge in South Africa. To meet the regulatory limits, it is crucial to understand the statistical distribution of such emissions from the power generating plant...

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) atmospheric heat source crucially modulates East Asian summer monsoon precipitation, yet its synergy with upstream oceanic signals remains elusive. Using observations (1971–2020) and CMIP6 simulations, we investigate me...

Air pollution caused by fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) poses a serious public health threat in many South Asian megacities where monitoring networks remain limited. Lahore, Pakistan—frequently ranked among the world’s most polluted citie...

The CALIPSO V4.10 5 km cloud-layer product contains a small yet influential fraction of low-confidence and “unknown” cloud-type labels, which constrains its effectiveness in climatological analyses and limits its utility for downstream Ea...

The Sichuan Basin is a high-incidence area for China’s drought–flood abrupt alternation (DFAA) events. To reveal the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving factors of drought–flood abrupt alternation (DFAA) compound di...

Atmospheric dispersion and chemical transport models (CTMs) are indispensable tools for understanding the behavior of pollutants in the atmosphere and their link to anthropogenic emission sources [...]

Wetlands are the largest natural source of atmospheric methane (CH₄), and their emissions are projected to increase during the 21st century in response to climate change. However, how extreme climate events such as extreme heat, extreme precipitation...

Air pollution remains a critical environmental and public health threat, particularly in highly populated urban areas such as the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA). This study provides a refined and detailed assessment of the spatial distribution of air...

The significant interannual variability in Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) intensity remains incompletely understood. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis reveals that the first three leading EOF modes of the annual mean MJO intensity a...

Urban–suburban PM_2.5 differences are widely used to characterize spatial disparities in air pollution, yet their long-term trends may depend on urban definitions. For China during 2013–2020, this study used nationwide ground PM_2.5 monitor...

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are essential for indoor air quality and thermal comfort but can simultaneously act as vectors for microbial contamination, particularly bacteria and fungi. While the COVID-19 pandemic intensi...

Rainfall is a significant input for several engineering designs such as hydraulic structures, culverts, bridges and ducts, rainfall water sewer, and highway drainage system. The detailed statistical analysis of extreme daily rainfall of each arid env...

The annual occupational personal ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure of outdoor workers is vital for several purposes, including non-melanoma skin cancer risk assessment and the recognition of UVR-related pathologies as occupational diseases. Estima...

Warm rain events occur when moist air masses containing elevated precipitable water produce high rainfall rates capable of generating local flash floods. Catalonia, located on the northeastern Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula, is regularl...

Air pollution remains a major global environmental risk, and exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) is associated with adverse health outcomes even at low concentrations. Meteorological conditions influence PM_2.5 variability, and precipitation i...

Extreme temperatures increasingly threaten public health, yet temperature–mortality relationships vary substantially across regions and are often obscured by average exposure–response models. This study investigates heat- and cold-related...

We present the performance of a middle atmosphere Rayleigh lidar system that employs three receiver channels. We characterize the biases in the density and temperature profiles retrieved from each of the receiver channels as well as the combined rece...

Changes in aviation turbulence at cruise altitudes have important implications for aviation safety under global warming scenarios in the future. Using projections from the NorESM2-MM model within the CMIP6 framework, this study evaluates changes in c...

The electric fields generated by lightning discharges propagate upward and couple with the lower ionosphere, triggering various mesospheric optical emissions. The potential role of local terrain in modulating the lightning-generated electric fields i...

A tropical depression (TD) formed over the northern part of the South China Sea and affected Hong Kong during 25–26 June 2025. Based on the historical database, there were not many TDs following a similar track in the past, namely, a northwestw...

The Galápagos Islands, located in the eastern equatorial Pacific approximately 1000 km west of mainland Ecuador, are highly sensitive to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. However, the mechanisms linking sea surface temperature (SS...

Defining the near-surface signal reflecting the deep sub-surface leakage is a critical challenge in the risk assessment of geologic carbon storage (GCS) projects, often exacerbated by decoupled deep-to-shallow modeling. This study quantifies the mass...

This two-week pilot study within the Horizon Europe EDIAQI project evaluated the real-life performance of portable air filtration units in two office environments (a small office and a shared kitchen) under continuous device operation and daily filte...

This study analyzes climatological trends and variability of the main greenhouse gases (GHGs)—carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and carbon monoxide (CO)—over Greece using Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) data (EAC4 and E...

Children are among the most sensitive groups to air pollution. This study focuses on Chinese children aged 0–16 years, integrating six waves of tracking data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS, 2012–2022), the ChinaHighAirPollutant...

Urban microclimates are traditionally interpreted and modelled based on permanent built surfaces, while semi-permanent elements such as stationary vehicles remain largely overlooked in urban climate studies. Despite their distinct radiative and therm...

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are among the most dangerous types of weather, originate over warm tropical oceans and can seriously harm people, infrastructure, ecosystems, and country economies. The Arabian Sea is an important area for the development of T...

The Upper Indus Basin (UIB) plays a crucial role in water security and socio-economic development in Pakistan. Under changing climatic conditions, the sustainable management of the water resources of the UIB needs accurate and reliable projections of...

Accurately quantifying carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDTs) is crucial for developing effective transportation emission reduction strategies. In this study, we adopted a bottom–up approach and, in conjunction with...

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are key precursors of ozone (O₃) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA), among which biogenic VOCs (BVOCs) constitute the dominant natural source. However, large uncertainties remain in the magnitude, spatial distribut...

We analyze the evolution of atmospheric and surface physical properties over the region of the Earth observed by the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellites during the period 2005–2024. Long-term changes are detected in the observed radianc...

Rills on the snow surface are a common phenomenon frequently reported by field observers. The interpretation of these field observations and an understanding of the underlying physical processes are important for forecasting routines and models used...

The hydrocarbon composition of liquefied PM1 aerosol samples collected using the particle into liquid system (PILS) at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) site of the Southern Great Plains (SGP) of the USA was analyzed in terms of organic com...

Accurate prediction of reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) using integrated deep learning approaches with limited meteorological data is highly significant for efficient water resource utilization and management in arid regions. Nevertheless, paramete...

The study is based on Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Air Temperature data and Nonparametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique to evaluate heat efficiency and detect anomalies in the thermal regime in the Eastern Black Sea Region, particul...

Based on the Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager (AGRI) and Geostationary High-speed Imager (GHI) information in the Fengyun-4B (FY-4B) satellite, we propose a convective initiation (CI) nowcasting algorithm for Sichuan Province, China. The algor...

This study investigates whether a university teaching complex equipped with CSA S600 continuous air purification and sanitation units can maintain indoor air quality (IAQ) within recommended thresholds under real occupancy conditions and evaluates th...

This study reconstructs annual streamflow variability in the Yenice Stream Basin (northwestern Türkiye) for the period 1809–2020 using tree-ring data, substantially extending the short instrumental record (1979–2020). Three moisture-...

Conventional Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) control systems primarily rely on environmental and physiological parameters, largely ignoring the critical influence of psychological states on thermal comfort. Overlooking this factor o...

Baroclinic instability is a fundamental mechanism of midlatitude atmospheric variability, and the Eady model remains one of its most useful idealized representations. In this work, we revisit the Eady configuration from the viewpoint of solution-spac...