Biomedicines, Volume 14, Issue 7

Background: Available data indicate that the development of refractory schizophrenia may result from neuroinflammation, dysregulation of neurotrophins and metalloproteinases (MMPs), oxidative stress (OS), and hormonal imbalance. Electroconvulsive the...

Background/Objective: Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is a subtype of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps that is characterized by abundant eosinophilic infiltration within nasal polyps. Tuft cells are epithelial chemosensory cells th...

Background: Cardiometabolic syndrome is a cardiovascular disease characterized by metabolic dysregulation, with obesity triggering overactivation of the cardiac Renin–Angiotensin System (RAS). This leads to pathological cardiac changes and dysf...

Background/Objectives: Skin cancer is one of the most common diseases worldwide, with a high mortality rate. Due to its ability to metastasize, the disease can progress to more serious stages over time. This article proposes a hybrid model based on f...

The foundational milestone of neuroprotection is the rapid, mechanical restoration of blood flow to ischemic brain tissue [...]

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading contributor to global mortality and morbidity [...]

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death, and, despite significant advancements in targeted therapy and immunotherapy, survival for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains poor. An emerging area of inter...

The review evaluates current clinical and epidemiological evidence regarding the use of plant-derived compounds in pediatric practice. Data from randomized controlled trials indicate symptomatic efficacy of selected agents—particularly in acute...

Colorectal cancer frequently metastasizes to the liver, and a substantial proportion of patients present with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), which are associated with limited survival. While systemic chemotherapy remains a central c...

Background: Children with IBD are at increased risk of suboptimal maintenance of vaccine-induced immunity, particularly when the MMR vaccination course is incomplete before diagnosis and initiation of immunosuppressive therapy. We conducted a prospec...

Chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury and cardiorenal syndrome are major determinants of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, yet conventional renal assessment based on serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate and urine output...

Background/Goals: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is increasingly recognised as an important risk factor for delayed neurodegeneration and has been implicated in the modulation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related amyloid pathology. However, experi...

Background: Although ERα-positive breast cancer represents approximately 70% of all breast cancer diagnoses worldwide, specific prognostic biomarkers for this subtype that are capable of stratifying patients remain limited. TRIM28 (KAP1/TIF1&be...

Background/Objectives: Oxidative stress is a major cause of impaired oocyte quality and early embryo development, a challenge that still needs to be addressed in assisted reproduction. Mesenchymal stem cell secretomes have been investigated as cell-f...

Mitochondria play a vital role in fundamental cellular processes, serving as key regulators of energy metabolism, apoptosis, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is widely regarded as a common pathogenic pathway in the dev...

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Background: Extracranial arteriovenous malformations (eAVMs) are aggressive vascular anomalies consisting of abnormal blood vessels (BVs) and multiple other cell types, including macrophages. Although inflammation and the presence of immune cells are...

Background: Nutritional deterioration and systemic inflammation frequently accompany gastrointestinal cancers and may negatively affect treatment tolerance, quality of life, and clinical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate nutritional status, diet...

Background/Objectives: Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) quantifies subbasal corneal nerve fibers noninvasively and may inform peripheral neuroaging. PhenoAge is a validated clinical measure of biological aging linked to morbidity and mortality risk...

Background/Objectives: Psilocibin (PSY), a serotonergic hallucinogen, has attracted increasing scientific interest due to its therapeutic potential, particularly in treatment-resistant depression. In parallel with its growing clinical and research re...

Background: Routine use of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) tumor model in nuclear imaging studies is hampered by small tumors, embryonic movements and laborious volume-restricted intravenous tracer/drug administration. We sought a workaround by us...

Background: Bone tissue is a dynamic structure capable of continuous remodeling; however, its regenerative capacity is limited in critical-size defects, often requiring the use of bone grafting procedures. Available grafting materials present inheren...

Background/Objectives: Cognitive impairment, frailty, and systemic comorbidity burden are common in elderly patients with glaucoma and may influence both visual field (VF) performance and glaucoma severity. This study investigated the associations of...

Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 (CRMP2) has emerged as a central node in the pathogenesis of chronic pain, functioning as a multimodal ‘molecular switch’ that regulates microtubule dynamics, ion channel trafficking, and synaptic pla...

Background/Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) exhibits marked sexual dimorphism, with a higher incidence and earlier onset in men than in women. However, the impact of biological sex on systemic molecular alterations in PD remains poorly unde...

Background: Endometriosis and lipedema are chronic female-predominant disorders characterized by persistent pain that is frequently disproportionate to anatomical lesion burden. Although traditionally interpreted within distinct lesion-centered frame...

Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic airway disease in which oxidative stress (OS) plays a central mechanistic role beyond classical immune-mediated inflammation. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), generated by recruited inflammatory cells...

Background: Although the gut microbiota is generally recognized to remain relatively stable in healthy individuals, its taxonomic composition still undergoes subtle temporal fluctuations. To systematically characterize these dynamic variations, we ad...

Chronic diseases are the foremost global health challenge of our era, with an immense burden driven by cardiovascular disorders [...]

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are glycoconjugates in which a short and heterogeneous saccharide chain is attached to a lipid moiety called ceramide. Based on their sugar backbone, mammalian GSLs are primarily grouped into the ganglio-, lacto-/neolacto-,...

Background: Intensive, prolonged endurance and strength training in apparently healthy young athletes causes many physiologic and structural adjustments in the heart, known as athlete’s heart. The correct distinction between physiological adapt...

Background: Cancer cachexia and sarcopenia are highly prevalent complications affecting up to 50% of patients with cancer and are associated with increased treatment toxicity, poorer functional outcomes, and reduced survival. Early identification of...

Background: Inflammation and lipid metabolism play critical roles in coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (NHR) and CAC score. Met...

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that environmental light cues influence brain function and neurodegenerative processes; however, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Methods: Here, using a Tau-overexpressing D...

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by metabolic dysfunction, inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and myocardial fibrosis. Increasing evidence suggests that ferroptosis-associated oxidative injury may contribut...

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive hemoglobin disorder that is mainly characterized by the presence of hemoglobin S (HbS; point mutation [Glu6Val] in the beta-globin gene). Under deoxygenated conditions, HbS polymerizes and serves as...

The liver and lungs maintain an essential anatomical and physiological network crucial for systemic homeostasis. In the presence of cirrhosis, particularly when accompanied by portal hypertension, this intricate communication is disrupted. The result...

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Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a predominantly type 2 inflammatory disease associated with significant olfactory dysfunction. The real-life effect of mepolizumab on smell recovery and the influence of prior surgery a...

Background: Primary cells derived from connective tissues contain mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)–like progenitors with chondrogenic potential relevant for cartilage repair. However, donor- and tissue-specific variability and the lack of ro...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disabling joint disease characterised by cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, and subchondral bone remodelling. Furthermore, catabolic inflammatory processes as well as dysregulated cellular signalling and oxidative...

Background: Neuropathic pain (NP), a debilitating condition resulting from nervous system lesions, is poorly managed by current therapies. The cingulate cortex is crucial for affective pain processing, yet a comprehensive spatiotemporal understanding...

Background: Mitochondrial bioenergetic dysregulation disrupts immune−metabolic homeostasis and promotes pro−inflammatory microenvironments in osteoarthritis (OA) synovitis. However, the mechanistic contributions of mitochondrial energy me...

Introduction: Cervical cancer ranks among the leading cancers in women worldwide, with mortality disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. Traditional diagnostic and prognostic tools have limited sensitivity and specificity, and...

Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationships of AHA/ACC blood pressure stages and circadian blood pressure patterns with clinical, metabolic, inflammatory, and structural echocardiographic parameters in newly diagnosed hypertensive (...

Background/Objectives: Cisplatin (CP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent; however, its dose-dependent effects on different tissues are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the early dose-related cardiorenal toxicity of CP at bio...

Background: Lipoprotein metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress (OS) play interconnected roles in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the relationship between oxidative stress biomarkers and coronary artery disease (CAD...

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal epidermal hyperplasia and immune-inflammatory imbalance. Although celastrol (Cel) exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity, its strong hydrophobicity and low loc...

Introduction: Vascular aging is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, impaired vasomotor regulation, and structural remodeling. Iron overload may accelerate these processes through oxidative stress, but its effects on cardiovascular regulation re...

Advancing age, while a natural trajectory, often leads to several age-related diseases (ARDs) and impacts the quality of life (QOL) of the elderly. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that the incidence of ARDs is only going to increase over...