Nutrients, Volume 17, Issue 16

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and validate a new machine learning (ML)-based screening tool for a two-step prediction of the need for and type of nutritional therapy (enteral, parenteral, or combined) using Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2...

Background: The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend limiting 100% juice consumption to 0.5–1.25 cups/day and to no more than one half of total fruit intake. Objective: To explore the dietary b...

Diabetes, a major global healthcare challenge, is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and significantly exacerbates the severity of systemic complications. Iron, an essential element ubiquitously present in biological systems, is involved in many...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated neurological disorder with increasing global prevalence. Emerging evidence underscores the role of lifestyle interventions (particularly diet and physical activity) in modulating disease progressi...

Background: Balancing nutrition security with environmental sustainability is a key priority in global food policy, with Sustainable Healthy Diets (SHDs) serving as a critical framework aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Tradit...

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) represents a major healthcare problem, colonizing more than half of the population worldwide. Usually acquired during childhood, it has a significant impact on human health. After forty years of extensive research, the...

Background/Objectives: Fat-soluble 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) may be endogenously synthesized or obtained from dietary sources. Notably, it is crucial in calcium homeostasis, gene regulation, and immune system modulation, being even more relevant d...

Orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) is a member of the NR4A subfamily that was initially discovered as an intermediate early gene expressed in response to stressors, including inflammatory agents. This review addresses the hypothesis that NR4A1 is a...

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion. Beyond the classically implicated organs, emerging evidence highlights the gut as a central player...

Background/Objectives: Suboptimal gestational weight gain (GWG) has been linked to increased risks of adverse maternal outcomes. Evidence linking diet in pregnancy to GWG remains limited. We assessed relationships between adherence to five dietary pa...

Background: The use of sports supplements has increased significantly in athletic contexts, raising the need to evaluate their efficacy, safety, regulatory status, and communication practices. Objective: This study aimed to describe and synthesize th...

Background: The association between milk-derived or dairy product intake (DPI) and the body composition (BC) of children and adolescents continues to be controversial. Objective: This study sought to evaluate the association between the quantity and...

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to translate the Child Coeliac Disease Food Attitudes and Behaviours Scale (Child CD-FAB) into Brazilian Portuguese and to evaluate its reproducibility and internal consistency. Methods: Three steps were carrie...

Background: Malnutrition is a prevalent but underrecognized condition in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients, associated with adverse outcomes including longer hospitalizations, higher readmission rates, and increased mortality. Traditional measure...

Background/Objectives: Breastfeeding is key to maternal and child health, but adherence to WHO recommendations varies worldwide and is influenced by several maternal and paternal factors. In this study, we aim to describe the prevalence of breastfeed...

Background: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders and the most common form of dementia. Although current treatments examine disease progression, many have side effects and primarily target symptomatic...

Background/Objectives: Long-term obesity management consistently fails due to two major barriers: poor adherence, exacerbated by ultra-processed foods with addictive potential, and post-weight loss metabolic adaptation that reduces energy expenditure...

Background/Objectives: Fetal exposure to essential metals, such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn), is influenced by maternal nutrition and lifestyle during pregnancy, potentially impacting newborn health. This study aimed to qu...

Purpose: Chronic low-grade inflammation is increasingly recognized as a contributor to age-related muscle loss and functional decline, yet its association with muscle strength in Asian populations remains underexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to...

Obesity is a global health challenge marked by substantial inter-individual differences in responses to dietary and lifestyle interventions. Traditional weight loss strategies often overlook critical biological variations in genetics, metabolic profi...

Vitamins A, D, E, K, B2, B12, and C play a key role in regulating metabolism and oxidative stress, significantly impacting cardiometabolic health. This review uniquely integrates mechanistic and epidemiological data to examine sex-specific difference...

Background: Iron is an essential nutrient for many bacterial pathogens and normal cellular function and homeostasis of their hosts. Studies suggest that iron deficiency or overload may contribute to the pathogenesis of several chronic conditions and...

Background: The therapeutic response in Graves’ Disease (GD) remains largely unpredictable. Patients often experience persistent symptoms that are poorly correlated with thyroid hormone levels, an undefined treatment duration, and the need for...

Background/Objectives: Poor nutritional status and cachexia have been well-documented as predictors of adverse outcomes in individuals with chronic heart failure (HF). However, despite obesity being a common observation in this patient population, a...

Background/Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are growing public health challenges. While diet and body composition influence metabolic and renal health, their combined role remains underexplored. This study in...

Background/Objectives: Gastric, oesophageal, and pancreatic cancers are common worldwide, with low but improving survival rates due to advances in curative treatments. However, these treatments often cause long-term nutrition impact symptoms that are...

Background and aim: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic conditions that affect the gastrointestinal tract. The chronic inflammatory state promotes a catabolic environment that contributes to undernutrition, while mucosal damage often impair...

Background: In Poland, the consumption of energy drinks among young people has changed significantly following the introduction of a ban on sales to minors. This regulatory measure was intended to address growing concerns about the health effects of...

Background/Objectives: Evidence suggests a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption and depression, but it remains unclear whether this reflects a true causal effect, reverse causation, or methodological bias. This uncertainty is particularly...

The MIND diet was designed as an intervention to delay neurodegeneration and has been explored by systematic reviews for associations with cognition and, more recently, cardiometabolic disease. Comparatively less is known about how the MIND diet is a...

Background/Objectives: Nurses play a vital role in healthcare, yet their demanding working conditions, including long hours, shift work, and stress, can negatively impact health behaviors. In Poland, empirical data on nurses’ eating habits and...

Background: This network meta-analysis aimed to assess the relative efficacy of macronutrient dietary groups with varying carbohydrate, fat, and protein ratios on weight control and cardiovascular risk factors improvement in adults. Methods: We searc...

Background: Rational dietary patterns and adequate nutritional status support athlete health and performance, while unhealthy habits may impair these outcomes. This study aimed to identify dietary patterns among Polish professional athletes using a f...

Background/Objectives: Edgeworthia chrysantha is rich in coumarin and flavonoid dimers, which may exhibit diverse pharmacological activities. However, to date, no metabolomics studies have been conducted and its bioactive constituents related to gluc...

The present article is an opinion piece mainly based on selected articles in the field of sarcopenia, with possible relevance for pregnancy. Sarcopenia has gained increasing interest in recent years, since it has emerged that sarcopenia may determine...

Background/Objectives: Unhealthy snacking, most commonly consisting of sweets, savoury snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages, is associated with various adverse health outcomes. As long-term eating behaviours are commonly established in young adulthoo...

Background: Identifying compounds with neuroprotective properties that target the neurogenic process will have a considerable impact on dementia prevention. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a 24-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controll...

Background: Obesity is clinically known to be associated with an increased risk and aggravated pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A high-fat diet (HFD), the major contributor to obesity, induces neuroinflammation and central insulin resista...

Background/Objectives: Nutrigenomics explores how dietary components influence genome function, especially via epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation. A key challenge is identifying healthy food-derived molecules capable of counteracting epigenet...

Background/Aims: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic conditions marked by dysregulated inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Although the pathophysiology of IBD remai...

Certain foods and specific drugs have been linked to epilepsy in the literature. Here, we query PubMed citations for the co-occurrence of epilepsy with foods and drugs, using a list of 217,776 molecules from the HMDB. Notably, the top associations wi...

Background: Previous research examining the effects of omnivorous and plant-based diets on cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes has produced inconsistent findings, and the importance of diet quality is overlooked. Our study aimed to develop a novel...

Background: Grain foods are important sources of complex carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Objective: To identify healthy grain foods and to assess their associations with composite diet quality measures and selected health outcomes. Meth...

Vitamin D (VD) plays a critical role in human health, with deficiencies linked to a range of adverse outcomes, including compromised immune function and increased disease risk. While environmental factors such as sunlight exposure and diet influence...

Background/objectives: This study aimed to characterize the fatty acid (FA) profile of breast milk (BM) at 7 days (T7) and 1 month postpartum (T30) using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and to evaluate associations between maternal...

Background: The rate at which amino acids (AAs) are absorbed from casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) when given as a protein substitute in phenylketonuria (PKU) is unknown. This three-way randomised, controlled, crossover study aimed to compare the AA a...

Objectives: To assess the impact of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) on fetal and maternal adverse effects in pregnant women diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective study on 472 pregnant women...

Background/Objective: Alcohol consumption has been linked to alterations in gut microbiota and insulin resistance. The alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) gene plays a crucial role in alcohol catabolism, where rs1229984 variant carriers (CT/TT) cataboli...

Robust statistical analysis is essential for advancing evidence-based nutrition research, particularly when investigating the complex relationships between dietary exposure and health outcomes. Multiple regression is a widely used analytical techniqu...

Background/Objectives: Subnormal folate levels have a detrimental impact on the growth and development of preschoolers. We aimed to investigate the association between independent/synergistic effects of the gene polymorphisms (methyltetrahydrofolate...