Nutrients, Volume 17, Issue 7

Background: Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs, isoleucine, leucine, and valine) are commonly applied to promote muscle protein synthesis. However, the effects of BCAAs on exercise-induced substrate metabolism, performance and post-exercise fatigue du...

Background: Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is an important risk factor for essential hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, and its metabolic mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify SSBP-associated metabolic bi...

Background/Objectives: To inform person-centred clinical practice, it is important to know what features may predict or moderate treatment outcomes. Thus, we investigated pre-treatment clinical features and mid-therapy reduction in loss of control ov...

Long COVID, characterized by persistent symptoms following COVID-19 infection, significantly impacts individuals’ health and daily functioning due to fatigue and pain. Focusing on pain, this review addresses nociplastic and chronic pain conditi...

Dietary folic acid supplementation is well known for playing a crucial role in the closure of the neural tube. Individuals have continued to increase dietary intake of folic acid in counties with mandatory fortication laws in place. Some studies have...

Background/Objectives: Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a major cause of vision loss globally. Although magnesium (Mg) is crucial for vascular health, its association with RVO risk is unknown. Thus, we aimed to further examine this association. Method...

Background and aims: We investigated parenteral nutrition (PN) containing fish oil (FO-PN) vs. standard PN without fish oil (NF-PN) in adult patients hospitalized in the non-intensive care unit (general ward). Methods: Searches in Medline, Embase, an...

Background/Objectives: Higher lithium (Li) levels in drinking water have been linked to lower suicide rates in the general population in several ecological studies, though this relationship is not always consistent. The main limitation of such studie...

(1) Background: Diet plays a crucial role in the intake of phytoestrogens, which are closely related to the pathogenesis of some pregnancy complications. However, no studies have explored the potential association between soy isoflavones, a type of p...

Background/Objectives: Following gluten-free diet is challenging, due to risk of gluten cross-contamination. The study aimed to assess the non-cereal products gluten cross-contamination exposure risk in patients with coeliac disease. Methods: The stu...

Background: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut- and food-derived molecule. Elevated TMAO concentrations have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality, highlighting its significance as a potent...

Background: Malnutrition is an often-overlooked yet potentially crucial factor influencing COVID-19 outcomes. Poor nutritional status weakens immune function, increases infection susceptibility, and worsens prognoses in hospitalized patients. However...

Background/Objectives: Recently, interest in studying food addiction (FA) in the context of behavioral addictions (BAs) has increased. However, research remains limited to determine the FA prevalence among various BAs. The current study aimed to inve...

Background/Objectives: Alterations of oxysterols and gut microbiota have been recognized as indicators affecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and sarcopenia, respectively, whereas their association with co-dysfunction has not been investigated. Me...

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this review is to determine if high adherence to the Mediterranean Diet or Mediterranean-like Diet is associated with a decreased incidence of depression or depressive symptoms during pregnancy compared to low or...

Background: Tribulus terrestris L. Zygophyllaceae (TT) is a plant that has been claimed to increase testosterone levels and improve sexual function, particularly erectile dysfunction, with potential benefits for male sexual health. Purpose: This...

Background: the aging process is understood as a dynamic and plastic phenomenon involving various physiological and functional changes, which can be modified or modulated by external factors and lifestyle choices. Nutrition and regular physical activ...

Background: Orthopedic surgery and the corresponding events (i.e., immobilization and muscle disuse) result in a cascade of biological events to promote healing but can come with the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. A good nutritional statu...

Background/Objectives: Research on postbiotics derived from probiotic fermented milk bases require further expansion, and the mechanisms through which they exert their effects have yet to be fully elucidated. This study utilized in vitro cell co-cult...

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between breakfast consumption frequency and both depression and anxiety symptoms among middle and high school students in Eastern China. Methods: In this school-based cross-sectional study, 27,0...

Background/objectives: British swimmers are at a heightened risk of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D): <50 nmol∙L⁻¹) as their large indoor training volumes often restrict sunlight exposure, especially during the...

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a major cause of chronic liver dysfunction worldwide, characterized by hepatic steatosis that may progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Owing to its strong associat...

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a dietary intervention comprising a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and moderate-protein intake designed to induce a metabolic state known as ketosis, whereby ketone bodies are produced as an alternative source of energy. Initi...

Background/Objectives: This study examines the relationship of eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) with child sex, food preference, and body mass index (BMI) percentiles in primarily Hispanic preschoolers, an understudied population. Methods: This...

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated systemic disorder induced by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals, requiring lifelong management through a strict gluten-free diet (GFD). Although its global prevalence is around 1...

Background/Objectives: This study piloted a 24-week bodybuilding program combining resistance training (RT) with a dietary bulk-and-cut protocol in middle-aged adult males. Methods: Seven untrained males (33 ± 3.0 years; BMI = 35.0 ± 4....

Background: Caffeine (CAF) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are ergogenic strategies with potential benefits for performance, yet their combined effects remain underexplored, particularly in high-intensity functional training contex...

Background/Objectives: Unhealthy nutritional behaviors and excess body weight constitute a serious challenge for public health in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine changes in body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (FM), and...

Background/Objectives: The transition to university life brings significant social, psychological, and environmental changes, making it a critical period for establishing long-term dietary habits. However, many Mexican university students fail to mee...

Background: Radioresistance remains a significant obstacle in lung cancer radiotherapy, necessitating novel strategies to enhance therapeutic efficacy. This study investigated the radiosensitizing potential of a soybean lecithin–gallic acid com...

The prevalence of hypertension is increasing worldwide, in particular in developing countries. Anti-hypertensive drugs are commonly used to treat hypertension. However, in developing countries, where access to health care is scarce and the supply sys...

Background/Objectives: Personalized nutrition programs enhanced with artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools hold promising potential for the development of healthy and sustainable diets and for disease prevention. This study aimed to explore the im...

Background/Objectives: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DSW3805 was isolated from Korean kimchi samples to examine its effect in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model. Methods: To induce colitis, mice were treated with DSS for one week...

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a public health concern, linked with immune-metabolic dysfunction. While lifestyle and dietary modifications remain the cornerstone of MASLD management, the optimal dieta...

Background: Dietary factors, such as vegetable, fruit, and red meat consumption, have varying effects on the disease burden of diabetes, the world’s third leading health concern. This study aims to evaluate the global impact of vegetable/fruit/red me...

Background/Objectives: Chronic alcohol overconsumption triggers alcohol liver injury, and therapeutic strategies targeting alcohol-triggered oxidative stress and hepatic inflammatory responses represent potential approaches to ameliorating alcohol-re...

By the time I was tasked to lead a Special Issue on the “Impacts of Micronutrients on Immune System and Inflammatory Diseases”, seeing publications from so many different areas was something I could not have expected [...]

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are known to help resolve inflammation through generation of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids and specialized pro-resolving mediators, including resolvins, protectins, and maresins. Through binding to the...

Background/Objectives: Vague physical complaints with no corresponding organic disease background are called unidentified complaints. The symptoms of patients with unidentified complaints closely resemble medically unexplained or persistent physical...

Background: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a dysbiosis marked by an excessive proliferation of bacteria in the small intestine, resulting in abdominal symptoms that significantly affect patients’ quality of life. Objectives: Th...

Obesity can cause the onset of heart failure and exacerbate the status of the pre-existing disease. Through intricate pathways, obesity activates hormonal factors that encourage the development of inflammation and lead to increased congestion. Conseq...

Background/Objectives: Disrupted glucose uptake, oxidative stress, and increased de novo lipogenesis are some of the key features of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD). The modulation of these pathogenic mechanisms using ext...

Background: Diet is an important source of microbial exposure, potentially protecting against allergic disease. However, changes in dietary habits may have altered the intake of live food microbes. Aim: We quantitatively assessed the intake of live f...

Background/Objectives: Chronic kidney disease is associated with increased intestinal barrier permeability, leading to heightened inflammation and oxidative stress. These changes contribute to complications such as cardiovascular disease, anemia, alt...

Background/Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency is common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and may be associated with metabolic and endocrine disorders as well as ovulatory dysfunction. Vitamin D supplementation may improve ovarian dysfunct...

The scientific interest in edible insects as an alternative source of high-value protein for the human diet has increased drastically over the last decade. Edible insects harbour enormous potential in terms of planetary health. Their lower water and...

Background/Objectives: Plant-based diets are associated with human and planetary health. However, the overall quality of these diets may depend on the proportion of ultra-processed foods (UPFs). This study investigates the association between UPF con...

Background/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence is rising worldwide. Despite numerous efforts to address the condition, many initiatives fall short due to limited consumer engagement. Involving people with lived experience in healthcare desig...

Background/Objectives: Sleep is a fundamental physiological function that plays a crucial role in maintaining health and well-being. The aim of this study was to assess dietary and lifestyle factors associated with adequate sleep duration in children...

Ensuring food and nutritional security has been a top concern on the global development agenda [...]