Biomolecules, Volume 16, Issue 5

Glycosylation is essential for hematopoietic cell homeostasis and malignant transformation. Dysregulated expression of glycosylation genes in leukemia cells accelerates disease progression and fosters drug resistance. Therefore, targeting these genes...

Epidermal hyperinnervation is a major cause of intractable itch in barrier dysfunction conditions such as atopic dermatitis. Keratinocyte-derived semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) suppresses epidermal hyperinnervation, but its expression is markedly reduced in...

Despite decades of therapeutic advances, cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of global mortality, underscoring the need for strategies that move beyond untargeted systemic pharmacotherapy. Synthetic biology introduces a programmable ther...

Aims: Coronary heart disease (CHD) associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a primary driver of mortality in RA patients. In this study, we sought to establish a combined rat model of CHD and RA by integrating cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R),...

Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is implicated in tumor progression and correlates with poor prognosis and reduced survival. In colorectal cancer (CRC), STAT3 activation serves as a key indicator of unfavorable...

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), the cardinal pathophysiological feature of obstructive sleep apnea, is increasingly recognized as an important modifier of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but the underlying mechan...

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is an important cause of functional disability, and current therapies have limited ability to halt its progression. Uridine, a pyrimidine nucleoside essential for the synthesis of membrane phospholipids and neuronal met...

Natural killer T (NKT) cells bridge innate and adaptive immune responses and play a critical role in anti-tumor immunity. The goal of the study was to assess NKT cell and T cell function in lymphoma patients and to investigate whether specific cytoki...

SUMOylation is a rapid and dynamic process that orchestrates the switch between complex assembly and disassembly and between protein stabilization and turnover, making it particularly suitable for regulating stress responses. While proteomic methodol...

Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PiBO) is a chronic lung disease that develops after severe lower respiratory infections and leads to persistent inflammation and fibrotic changes in the small airways. In the present study, gene expression an...

Palmitic acid (PA), the most abundant saturated fatty acid in the human body, is implicated in lipotoxicity under hyperlipidemic conditions, with potential consequences for bone metabolism. To investigate its impact on developing bone tissue, this st...

Emerging evidence suggests that systemic physiological factors may influence plasma biomarker concentrations of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related neurodegenerative processes, potentially affecting their specificity for central nervous system patho...

Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumours, yet the molecular programs underlying WHO grade 1 subtypes—particularly transitional diploid tumours—remain insufficiently defined, partly due to the scarcity of biologically faithful...

The effects of antidepressants on limbic structures, important in the context of the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD)-associated depression, are relatively poorly explored in animal models. The present study investigated the impact of the...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The most common types—type 1 and type 2 diabetes—have different etiologie...

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening vascular disease characterized by vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction and disrupted calcium homeostasis. While transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) and transient receptor po...

Caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive compound. In the brain, caffeine acts as a competitive, non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist of A₁ and A_2A, both known to modulate long-term potentiation (LTP), the cellular basis of learning and m...

Future long-duration human space missions will expose astronauts to chronically reduced gravitational loading, a condition associated with oxidative stress and epithelial barrier dysfunction. The intestinal epithelial barrier depends on tight junctio...

The pharmaceutical industry has seen significant growth in the development of antibody-based therapeutics, especially monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), used in the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Howe...

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common malignant skin tumor with invasive potential and risk of recurrence. This study investigated the anti-cSCC effects of luteolin in vitro and in vivo and explored the associated molecular mechanisms....

Introduction: Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) is a rare and severe chronic lung disease. Our goal was to characterize respiratory epithelium in children with PIBO, which remains unexplored, using an ex vivo model culture. Methods: Pro...

Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) impacts more than 200 million individuals globally. Despite its prevalence, management remains suboptimal, partly due to the lack of reliable blood-based biomarkers. The ankle–brachial index (ABI), th...

Amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation is a central mechanistic feature of Alzheimer’s disease, involving heterogeneous conformational ensembles that evolve through monomeric, oligomeric, and fibrillar states. Understanding how small molecules mo...

Suicide is a major public health concern and cause of death worldwide. While progress has been made in understanding molecular pathways involved in suicide, much more work is needed to identify clinically useful biomarkers of suicidality. Disturbed c...

Adenosine has emerged as a central metabolic signal linking cellular stress to systemic physiological adaptation. Under conditions such as hypoxia, ischemia, inflammation, and tissue injury, extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) released from s...

This study characterizes novel cross-linked polymeric composites based on bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BPA.DM) as the primary matrix, incorporating 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as active diluents, and m...

Vascular calcification is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality and lacks effective treatment. The transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteoblast-like phenotypes is a key driver of calcification. This study identifies...

Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with multiple serious complications and has become a major global public health problem. Accumulating evidence indicates that members of the cathepsin (Cath) family play an important role in the deve...

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) arise from HIV infection of the central nervous system, resulting in chronic neuroinflammation and progressive neuronal damage that impair cognitive, motor, and behavioral functions. Clinically, HAND enc...

Background: Obesity often affects kidney health. Irisin, a myokine released during exercise, may exert renoprotective effects. This study examined the effects of swimming-induced irisin on kidney health in obese rats. Materials and methods: Sixty mal...

Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) is a bacterium that breaks down mucus and is studied for its effects on metabolism and the immune system. Studies show that it affects Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by protecting the gut barrier, reducing inf...

Bacteria pose significant threats to human health, industrial production, and daily life, with widespread microbial contamination remaining a critical challenge for global public health. Conventional porous materials often suffer from insufficient an...

Obesity and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) are closely linked and constitute a growing public health concern. In this work, we evaluated the antiobesity effect of an enantiomerically enriched mixture of 3′,4′-di-O-acetyl-cis-kh...

Traditional pharmacotherapy is often constrained by suboptimal bioavailability and systemic toxicity. Biomolecularly inspired nano-drug delivery systems (nano-DDS) have emerged as precise platforms to overcome these barriers by orchestrating molecula...

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows a high rate of early recurrence after curative resection, indicating a critical contribution of tumor microenvironment-driven molecular mechanisms. Early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma is defin...

Background: This pilot study examined whether oxidative–nitrosative stress is associated with clinical status in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We analyzed associations between plasma markers of oxidative–nitrosative imbalance and A...

Skin wound healing is a complex and highly coordinated biological process involving inflammation, cell migration and proliferation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and tissue regeneration. While the zebrafish-derived antimicrobial pepti...

Thermophilic prokaryotic Argonaute proteins (pAgos) have emerged as powerful tools for nucleic acid manipulation, with applications in nucleic acid detection, and DNA assembly. However, their strong dependence on high-temperature catalytic activity l...

Background and objectives: The PWWP domain of lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 (LEDGF/p75) mediates chromatin engagement through recognition of histone H3 lysine 36 di- and trimethylation (H3K36me2/3) and nucleosomal DNA. LEDGF/p75 plays a r...

Regulated cell death is essential for development, tissue homeostasis, host defense, and disease. Beyond apoptosis, it is now clear that other forms of cell death, including ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, also contribute to pathology, ofte...

Epicardial mesothelium plays a pivotal role in postinfarction cardiac repair by generating fibroblasts, producing extracellular matrix, and releasing paracrine mechanisms. However, interspecies differences have not been sufficiently studied, particul...

Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the ocular surface, characterized by tear film homeostasis imbalance, with aging being identified as a crucial independent risk factor. Oxidative stress, which refers to the excessive produc...

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) play a central role in regulating cellular processes. However, the identification and characterization of senescence-associated PPIs remain challenging. In this study, we developed and evaluated an integrativ...

Microglia are brain immune cells that phagocytose cell debris and beta-amyloid plaques in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. They develop from round amoeboid cells into ramified microglia or large macrophages, which can be studied in three-dime...

The growing interest in epitranscriptomes has emphasized the need for accurate quantification of RNA modifications. However, the stability of RNA modifications under different experimental conditions remains poorly characterized. In this study, we us...

The reaction of the HS^•/S^•− radical (pKa ~3.4), generated selectively from H₂S by γ-irradiated N₂-flushed aqueous solutions at pH 5, with purine nucleosides (dG or dA), a 10-mer double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ds-ODNs), an...

Multiple myeloma profoundly remodels the bone marrow microenvironment, causing osteolytic bone disease through a persistent uncoupling of bone resorption and formation. Beyond the canonical roles of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B li...

Cancer immunotherapy has transformed oncology by harnessing the immune system to recognize and eliminate malignant cells. However, many cancers exhibit limited or variable responses to this class of treatment due to insufficient antigen presentation...

Clutch persistence, defined as the ability to sustain consecutive egg-laying cycles, is a pivotal determinant of profitability in the poultry industry, particularly for aging laying hens (≥65 weeks). However, the molecular mechanisms governing thi...

Background: Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes mellitus and could lead to foot ulcerations, lower-limb amputations, increased mortality and reduced quality of life. This study examines the level of GPIHBP1...