Diagnostics, Volume 15, Issue 1

Background: Neuropathic pain (NP) and cancer are caused by nerve damage due to cancer or treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, with a prevalence that can reach up to 40%. Causes of neuropathic cancer pain (NCP) include direct ne...

Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a rare intermediate tumor that is often difficult to diagnose radiologically and pathologically. Herein, we report a case of AFH in the knee that was initially misdiagnosed as a cystic lesion. The tumor was f...

Objectives: To evaluate the long-term effects of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on optic disc and macular microvasculature. Methods: 40 post-COVID-19 and 40 healthy subjects were included. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed...

Hypertension is a major risk factor of various cardiac complications, including hypertensive heart disease (HHD). This condition can lead to a number of structural and functional changes in the heart, such as left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic d...

A 66-year-old woman presented with persistent knee effusion three months after undergoing a cemented medial uni-compartmental knee replacement. She was afebrile and able to walk with a stick. Physical examination revealed moderate effusion. Radiograp...

Background/Objectives: There is a constant need to improve the prediction of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in growth-restricted neonates who were born prematurely. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the predictive performance o...

We present an interesting image of eruptive syringoma confirmed by histopathological assessment in a 37-year-old male who was consulted due to numerous brownish small macules and papules resembling maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis (MPCM). We show...

Background: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is present in healthy individuals but is elevated in those undergoing physical exertion, trauma, sepsis, and certain cancers. Maintaining cfDNA concentrations is vital for immune homeostasis and preventing inflammato...

Background and Clinical Significance: Retrorectal cystic hamartomas (“Tailgut cysts”) are rare developmental cysts that appear in the retrorectal space, arising from aberrant remnants of the post-anal primitive gut in case of an incomplet...

Objectives: To determine the association between airflow limitation and the quantification of lung attenuation in computed tomography (CT) in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods: A cross-sectional study in a single center between Januar...

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent neoplasia in the male population. According to the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP), PCa can be divided into two major groups, based on their prognosis and treatment options....

Background/Objectives: Long-term work-related musculoskeletal disorders are predominantly influenced by factors such as the duration, intensity, and repetitive nature of load lifting. Although traditional ergonomic assessment tools can be effective,...

Objectives: To discuss the prognostic outcomes, controversies and assessment of bone erosion or invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: A structured literature review was conducted to critically analyse relevant evidence. The Web of...

Background: We investigated the accuracy of predicting preload responsiveness by means of a passive leg raising test (PLR) using the perfusion index (PI) in critically ill patients showing signs of hypoperfusion in a resource-limited setting. Methods...

Background/Objectives: We have demonstrated in human cadavers and canines that nerve transfer to bladder vesical nerve branches is technically feasible for bladder reinnervation after nerve injury. We further clarify here that sacral (S) ventral rami...

Objectives: The downregulation of anti-adhesive regulatory proteins and upregulation of adhesive genes are critical for the receptive endometrium. This study was designed to determine whether switching between the anti-adhesive podocalyxin (PDX) and...

Here, we describe the case of a 74-year-old male patient with a high-risk prostate carcinoma who underwent positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen ([⁶⁸Ga]Ga-PSMA-11) for staging. [⁶⁸G...

Background/Objectives: Early and accurate diagnosis of skin cancer improves survival rates; however, dermatologists often struggle with lesion detection due to similar pigmentation. Deep learning and transfer learning models have shown promise in dia...

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of astigmatism correction between topographic- and manifest-based methods in individuals who underwent second-generation keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx) surgery. Methods: This study was conducted...

Background: Over the past decade, several trials and observational studies have validated the use of minimally invasive cardiac interventions as viable treatment options for various cardiac diseases. Transcatheter techniques for severe aortic valve s...

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the sarcopenia index (SI), which is derived from serum creatinine and cystatin C levels, and osteoporosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: This study initially included pat...

Background: The current gold standards for diagnosing acute kidney injury (AKI) are an increase in serum creatinine and a decrease in urine output, which are inadequate for rapid diagnosis. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a 25-kD...

Background: Umbilical artery thrombosis (UAT) masquerading as a single umbilical artery (SUA) is a rare but critical diagnostic challenge in prenatal care. Case Presentation: We described a case of a 22-year-old primigravida with an uneventful obstet...

Background: The complex interaction between the gut and urinary microbiota underscores the importance of understanding microbial dysbiosis in pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI). However, the literature on the gut–urinary axis in pediatric...

Background/Objectives: The early detection of individuals at risk of cognitive impairment is a clinical imperative. With the recent advancement of digital devices, smartphone application-based cognitive assessment is considered a promising tool for c...

Background/Objectives: X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets (XLH) represents the most frequent type of rickets from genetic origin, it is caused by mutations on the PHEX gene. The main clinical manifestations are short stature and bone deformities. Phe...

Background: Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by Naegleria fowleri is a rare and devastating infection of the central nervous system, often diagnosed late, due to its rapid progression and nonspecific symptoms. Case Presentation: We rep...

Background/Objectives: The diaphragm is important for respiration, but the effects of age-related muscle loss and sarcopenia on diaphragm function are unclear. We evaluated the associations of sarcopenia and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) with diaphragm...

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal failure remain critical global health challenges, with vascular access complications posing significant obstacles in hemodialysis management. Methods: This study investigates the early and late compl...

Background/Objectives: Point-of-care lung ultrasonography (LUS) represents an accurate diagnostic tool in older patients with respiratory failure. The integration of LUS with ultrasonographic assessment of diaphragm thickness and excursion, right vas...

Introduction: Korea has higher levels of heavy metals compared to other countries, raising the need to study the health impacts on vulnerable populations. This study examined the effects of heavy metal exposure—lead, mercury, and cadmium—...

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is an aggressive gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy with increasing incidence. Despite the recent progress in targeted therapies and surgical approaches, the survival rates of esophageal adenocarcinoma patients remain po...

Background/Objectives: Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder characterized by seizures that significantly impact individuals and their social environments. Given the unpredictable nature of epileptic seizures, developing automated epilepsy di...

Background/Objectives: This study investigated the lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of radiation-induced breast cancer from mammography screening in Dubai. It aimed to explore the relationship between breast thickness, patient age, and the associated...

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a pathological condition that develops when a thrombus forms within the deep venous system. Typically, it involves the lower limbs and, less frequently, the upper extremities or other unusual districts such as cerebral...

Background: This study compares system-reported organ doses (ODs) to manually calculated mean glandular doses (MGDs) in mammography across multiple centers and manufacturers in Dubai. Methods: A retrospective study of 2754 anonymized mammograms from...

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) leads to severe cognitive impairment and functional decline in patients, and its exact cause remains unknown. Early diagnosis of AD is imperative to enable timely interventions that can slow the progression...

Introduction: The number of incidental renal lesions identified in CT scans of the abdomen is increasing. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether hyperdense renal lesions without solid components in a portal venous CT scan can be cl...

Background/Objectives: Oral biomarkers have gained attention as non-invasive tools for assessing systemic diseases due to their potential to reflect physiological and pathological conditions. This review aims to explore the role of oral biomarkers in...

Background: With advancements in molecular diagnostics, including Highly Multiplexed Microbiological/Medical Countermeasure Diagnostic Devices (HMMDs) and the impending integration of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) into clinical microbiology, inter...

Objective: Pulmonary involvement is commonly observed in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), presenting with manifestations such as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, inflammatory infiltrates, pulmonary nodules, and tra...

Background: Hemodialysis patients face a high mortality risk, requiring effective clinical assessments. In these patients, muscle wasting due to protein-energy wasting (PEW) leads to increased frailty, which is strongly associated with worse outcomes...

Background: The caroticoclinoid bar (CCB) or caroticoclinoid foramen (CCF) represents a well-described ossified variant of the skull base. It corresponds to an osseous bridge (resulting after homonymous ligament ossification) between the anterior and...

Background/Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects more than 6 million people worldwide. Its accurate diagnosis and monitoring are key factors to reduce its economic burden. Typical approaches consider either speech signals or video record...

Background: The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide, particularly in the Pacific Ocean island nations. Although machine learning (ML) models and data mining approaches have been applied to diabetes research, there was no study utilizing ML...

Background/Objectives: Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality, characterized by nonspecific symptoms and variable clinical presentations. Accurate risk stratification is essential for effective management. While...

Background/Objectives: Shoulder pain is a common treatment outcome in breast cancer survivors. While various risk factors and mechanisms for shoulder pain have been proposed, evidence is inconsistent. Increased risk of subacromial pain syndrome exist...

Background/Objectives: This study aims to evaluate whether the presence of isolated tumor cells (ITCs) correlates with specific stages of cutaneous melanoma, potentially shedding light on their prognostic significance and the paradoxical survival out...

Background: Chronic liver disease (CLD) presents a significant global health burden, demanding effective tools for diagnosis and monitoring. Traditionally, liver biopsy has been the gold standard for evaluating liver fibrosis and other chronic liver...

Background/Objectives: Physicians face clinical dilemmas in the diagnosis of non-optic intraparenchymal lesions on MRI brain scans of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. As the incidence and evolution of these lesions into adulthood remain unclea...