2026 June-1 - 175 articles
Background: Rare neurological diseases are challenging to diagnose from brain MRI because of their low prevalence, heterogeneous imaging patterns, and limited annotated datasets. Deep learning may support image-level recognition, but results from cur...
Objective: Alongside evaluating the geometric and dosimetric performance of an AI auto-segmentation algorithm on conventional (primary) organs at risk (OARs), the aim of this work was to highlight its added advantages in terms of the dosimetric evalu...
Background: Regional periarticular bone mineral density may influence fixation and survivorship in total knee arthroplasty, but its relationship to coronal alignment remains unclear. This study assessed the association between coronal knee alignment...
Background and Objectives: Reliable pretreatment biomarkers to guide treatment selection in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (mBC) remain an unmet need. Systemic inflammatory indices derived from routine blood tests have emerged as accessible p...
Background/Objectives: Brain tumor analysis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains a challenging task due to tumor heterogeneity, complex anatomical structures, and reliance on expert interpretation. Although deep learning approaches have sho...
A 51-year-old woman was admitted with a malodorous ulceration covering the whole area of both breasts, without visible breast contour or remnants of breast tissue. After excision of a skin nodule an invasive ductal carcinoma was diagnosed; grade-2, h...
Background/Objectives: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the standard procedure for axillary staging in early breast cancer. While technetium-99m (99mTc) radiocolloid is currently the standard tracer, indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence represent...
Background/Objectives: Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) often results from structural degeneration of the aortic wall. Traditional management focuses on hemodynamic control using beta-blockers (BB) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Glucagon-lik...
Background/Objectives: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by multiple organ failure and short-term mortality, and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is its frequent complication. We investigated whether the severity of HE upon admission...
Background: Chronic epiphora is a common ophthalmic complaint with multifactorial etiology, including both structural obstruction of the nasolacrimal drainage system (NLDS) and functional or ocular surface–related causes. Accurate differentiati...
Background/Objectives: Accurate pT1b diagnosis in colorectal cancer is vital owing to the risk of lymph node metastasis. While Japan NBI (narrow band imaging) Expert Team (JNET) classification is widely applied, accurate diagnosis of type 2B lesions...
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assay offers improved diagnostic accuracy for the detection of myocardial infarction but has seen slow adoption in the United States, particularly in rural settings. Limited research has explored the impact...
Background: Accurate segmentation of white blood cells (WBCs) in peripheral blood smear images is a fundamental step in computational hematology, enabling downstream tasks such as classification, morphological assessment, and quantitative analysis. H...
Background/Objectives: Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity. Although physiotherapy delivered before and after surgery may support functional recovery, evidence describing real-world multidisciplinary bariatric pathways with...
White dot syndromes (WDS), a purely descriptive term formulated in 1995, grouped inflammatory conditions primarily affecting the choroid that shared the clinical appearance of white dots on fundus examination, thus presenting similar white dots on fu...
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare and heterogeneous autoimmune disease involving multiple organs and systems, characterized by asthma, eosinophilia, and granulomatous or vasculitic involvement of several organs. Most of t...
Background/Objectives: Mesenteric panniculitis (MP) is a chronic inflammatory and sclerosing disorder of the mesenteric fat. This study evaluated the occurrence and MRI appearance of MP in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease and chronic...
Sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) remains a major challenge in pediatric pathology and forensic medicine. Despite advances in diagnostic techniques, many cases are still classified as unexplained and labeled as sudden infant death syndrome (S...
When assessing hip pain in athletes, it is important to focus on the extra-articular soft tissues that may clinically mimic joint pathology. One such extra-articular structure is the synovial bursa. Bursitis can clinically be misdiagnosed as joint-,...
Background and Clinical Significance: SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex-deficient malignancies constitute an aggressive group of undifferentiated tumors defined by inactivation of core subunits including SMARCA4 (BRG1) or SMARCB1 (INI1). In the he...
Background and Clinical Significance: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R18 is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that may present with both muscular and hepatic involvement, potentially leading to diagnostic confusion. Longitudinal MRI data documentin...
Background/Objectives: Osteoporosis is highly relevant to dentistry, oral surgery, and implantology. Because panoramic radiographs are routinely acquired in dental practice, they may enable opportunistic pre-screening. This pilot study evaluated esta...
Sleep disturbances represent one of the most frequent and clinically significant comorbidities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), affecting approximately 50–80% of individuals. Clinically, these disturbances encompass a broad spec...
Background/Objectives: Scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT) remains a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with structural heart disease (SHD), despite advances in catheter ablation (CA). Existing risk scores are limited by t...
Background/Objectives: Invasive mapping studies have shown that one-third of patients with an electrocardiographic pattern of LBBB have intact left bundle branch block conduction and therefore do not actually have a substrate for resynchronization. W...
Background/Objectives: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), essential thrombocythemia (ET), primary myelofibrosis (PMF), and polycythemia vera (PV) are myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) that require precise molecular characterization. Although driver mu...
Background/Objectives: Cystic fibrosis is a chronic multisystem disease in which pulmonary involvement is the main determinant of morbidity and mortality. Chest computed tomography is the reference standard for assessing structural lung damage, but i...
Background/Objectives: Recessive titinopathies caused by biallelic TTN truncating variants (TTNtvs) present a clinically heterogeneous spectrum from fetal demise to late-onset slowly progressive distal muscular dystrophy. Prognostic counseling is cha...
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Background/Objectives: Permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) remains one of the most common complications following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Identifying patients at increased risk for post-procedural conduction disturbances is...
Background/Objectives: The median nerve exhibits clinically relevant anatomical variability, with critical implications for surgical exposure, regional anesthesia, peripheral nerve repair, and diagnostic imaging. Despite extensive descriptive reports...
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a group of inherited genetic conditions that, in general, result from a specific enzyme defect. Clinical consequences caused by abnormal enzyme levels often disrupt affected metabolic pathways and their intermed...
Background/Objectives: The Type 1 Brugada ECG pattern (BrP1) fluctuates according to autonomic influences. Tilt table testing induces changes in both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. It may provide insights into the dynamic behavior of BrP1...
Background/Objectives: Type 2 respiratory failure (T2RF) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, partly driven by cardiopulmonary interactions and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion to s...
Background/Objectives: Endometrial B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) overexpression has been proposed as a marker of progesterone resistance, occult endometriosis, and endometrial dysfunction in infertile women. Its possible association with reproductive outc...
Background/Objectives: Ultrasound-guided brachial plexus blocks are widely used in upper extremity surgery. The costoclavicular block (CCB) has been defined in recent years as an alternative to the infraclavicular block (ICB) and attracts attention d...
Background: Sugaya type III rotator cuff re-tears are characterized by preserved tendon continuity with reduced thickness and are often associated with persistent pain and functional impairment. Bioinductive collagen implants may enhance tendon heali...
Background: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is the standard minimally invasive technique for mediastinal lymph node sampling; however, its diagnostic performance is limited in diseases requiring preserved...
Background/Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for classifying lymph nodes as benign or malignant in breast cancer patients undergoing [18F]FDG-PET/MRI staging. Methods: Mean ADC values and...
Background: Continual learning (CL) is increasingly important for developing adaptive clinical AI models; however, its application to histopathology remains challenging due to privacy constraints, expanding diagnostic categories, and staining variabi...
Background/Objectives: Pleura-based pulmonary nodules in soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) patients remain diagnostically challenging, and entity-specific contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) data are scarce. We aimed to characterize CEUS perfusion patterns o...
Background/Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in older adults are common and potentially life-threatening conditions that often present with atypical symptoms. Early identification of prognostic factors is essential to improve clinical outco...
Background/Objectives: Weaning failure from mechanical ventilation affects 10–20% of critically ill patients. Cardiovascular dysfunction—particularly diastolic dysfunction with elevated left atrial pressure (LAP)—underlies up to 50&...
Background/Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the association between frailty syndrome and depressive symptoms within a cohort of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods: This single-center cross-sectional study included 169 patients...
Background/Objectives: To evaluate the effect of detector architecture and dataset characteristics on intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) subtype localization on noncontrast head CT, with emphasis on bidirectional cross-dataset generalization. Methods: Thi...
Background/Objective: Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania, with a broad clinical spectrum that can overlap with other infectious and non-infectious conditions. Accurate species identification is cri...
Background and Clinical Significance: Advanced-stage and recurrent metastatic endometrial cancer (EC) is a complex and challenging disease with a poor prognosis. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment for advanced and recurrent mismatch repair defici...
Artificial intelligence (AI) has pervaded many fields of medicine in the last few years on the wave of similar changes in other disciplines. Adoption of AI-driven technologies will progress in pathology in the years to come and will also transform ou...
Background/Objectives: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of hospitalization in children, but predictors of critical illness remain poorly defined. This study aimed to identify risk factors for critical RSV pneumonia and develop a p...
Background/Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is a major global health burden, and inadequate glycemic control increases the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is essential for diabetes managemen...
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