2026 June-2 - 195 articles
Background/Objectives: Antipsychotic dosing for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in Alzheimer’s disease remains empirical and variable. This study develops a deep learning model to predict individualized antipsychotic do...
Background/Objectives: With increasing frequency in sublobar resections, accurate intraoperative localization has become essential to ensure adequate resection margins and spare lung parenchyma. Our study evaluates the efficacy of shape-sensing robot...
Background: Odontometrics is useful for sex estimation when other skeletal elements are missing or when DNA analysis is not feasible due to the greater durability of teeth under various taphonomic factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate canine...
Background/Objectives. Oral epithelial dysplasia exhibits unpredictable behavior, prompting research to identify biomarkers that may help predict its progression to malignancy. This study aimed to ascertain the prognostic value of biomarkers indicati...
Background: Respiratory diseases (RDs), including asthma, COVID-19, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pneumonia, remain a major global health challenge, contributing substantially to global morbidity and mortality. Conventional diagno...
Intraocular foreign bodies penetrating the eye can lead to serious complications, including endophthalmitis, and therefore require urgent removal. We present the case of a 9-year-old boy with an intraocular foreign body lodged in the lens with a corn...
Background/Objectives: Accurate breast lesion segmentation using deep learning models requires precise understanding of both global contextual relevance and finer lesion structure details, which remains a challenge for existing convolutional and tran...
Background/Objectives: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious complication in osteoporosis patients undergoing tooth extraction. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an interpretable, machine learning–derived triag...
Accurate assessment of vitreous inflammation is essential for the diagnosis, monitoring and management of uveitis. Traditionally, vitritis has been evaluated using subjective clinical grading systems based on vitreous haze and cellular infiltration,...
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) constitutes a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse during sleep. This condition is prevalent among patients with cardiac rhythm disturbances and represents a potent independent risk factor fo...
Objective: This study aims to explore new hematological indicators with differential diagnostic significance for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) by conducting comprehensive hematological tests, and to construct a novel discrimination i...
Background/Objectives: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a persistent immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in the absence of clinically active tuberculosis. It is now established that progression from LTBI to active tuberculos...
Adult intussusception is an uncommon condition that usually indicates an underlying pathological lead point. Ileal perineurioma is an exceptionally rare benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor with limited gastrointestinal reports. We describe a 59-year...
Background: Reverse transcription is a key step in emerging RNA diagnostics, but reverse transcriptase (RT) enzymes often fail in the presence of inhibitors carried over from clinical samples or introduced during RNA extraction. Here, we dissect the...
Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with SSc, with an unmet need for validated, minimally invasive biomarkers for early detection. Extracellul...
Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) systems for detecting lymph node metastases in histopathological images achieve near-expert classification performance but remain opaque to clinicians, limiting their clinical adoption and regulator...
Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of DXA-detected lumbar scoliosis in postmenopausal women based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans and identify associated risk factors. Methods: A total of 261 postmenopausal women...
Background/Objectives: Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and hospitalization-requiring community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) may present with overlapping clinical, laboratory, and radiological features. Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) is a platelet-derived thr...
Background/Objectives: Andersen–Tawil Syndrome (ATS) is an ultra-rare autosomal dominant condition secondary to deleterious variants in KCNJ2 or KCNJ5 in the majority of patients. It is variably characterized by a triad of Long QT Syndrome (LQT...
Background/Objectives: Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a frequent and potentially life-threatening complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) that often develops during hospitalization for vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC). The early identification of pediatr...
Background/Objectives: Preoperative differentiation of benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian tumors remains challenging. The pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), a composite inflammation-based biomarker derived from routine blood counts, may cont...
Background and Objectives: Preoperative axillary ultrasound (PAUS) is a non-invasive method to assess nodal metastasis in breast cancer. Although sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the gold standard, PAUS may help identify patients who can safely o...
The coexistence of systemic sclerosis and sarcoidosis is very rare. Both are systemic autoimmune diseases with lung involvement but different pathogenesis. In contrast to findings of mid- to upper-lobe interstitial lung disease (ILD) that may occur w...
Purpose: This study aimed to validate a deep learning algorithm for automated segmentation and quantitative assessment of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)–Bruch’s membrane (BM) complex in healthy eyes and g...
Advanced diffusion MRI techniques, particularly intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), have emerged as promising functional imaging tools for improving cervical cancer assessment beyond conventional anatomical MRI. Th...
Background: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is widely used in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet cumulative exposure may result in progressive retinal toxicity. Structural biomarkers capable of identifying subclinical damage remain incompletely defined...
Background/Objectives: Despite hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining remaining the cornerstone of histopathological diagnosis, substantial intra- and inter-laboratory variability persists. This issue is increasingly relevant in Digital Pathology,...
Background/Objectives: Breast adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor with limited data on imaging features and treatment response. This study investigated the clinical and radiological characteristics of ACC of the breast. Methods: Patients w...
Whole-body dynamic positron emission tomography/computed tomography (WBD-PET/CT) has transformed medical imaging, enabling the fusion between (i) detailed anatomical maps of the human body and (ii) quantitative multi-parametric functional maps of spe...
Prostate disease diagnostics increasingly integrate PSA-derived parameters, molecular assays, risk calculators, and multiparametric MRI, yet important limitations remain in distinguishing benign inflammatory changes from clinically significant prosta...
Background/Objectives: The early identification of skin cancer by standard RGB dermoscopy is a clinical difficulty because of the complex visual differences between impacted lesions and healthy tissue. Methods: For the biomedical challenge, a novel a...
Background/Objectives: Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has transformed outcomes in relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies, but long-term cognitive outcomes remain poorly understood. We compared the incidence and time course...
Background/Objectives: Cervical self-sampling is increasingly used for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing, but evidence for integrated liquid-based cytology (LBC) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing is limited. This study eva...
The number of pulmonary nodules detected is steadily increasing. While some are low or high risk, most are indeterminate. Within the indeterminate group, the vast majority are benign. Statification of indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs) is challen...
Background and Clinical Significance: Vestibular drop attacks are a rare but disabling manifestation of Ménière’s disease. This study aimed to demonstrate the value of multimodal audiovestibular assessment in documenting vestibula...
Gastric adenomas are epithelial premalignant neoplasms which may appear similar on endoscopic examination; however, histologically, they are classified into four distinct subtypes according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tum...
Background/Objectives: The maxillary lateral incisor (U2) root has been proposed to influence the eruption pathway of the maxillary canine. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the association between mesial root tipping of the U2 and the erupt...
Background: The optimal needle for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided liver biopsy (LB) remains uncertain. Methods: We conducted a network meta-analysis that integrated both direct and indirect comparisons among various needles. Our analysis included...
Background/Objectives: In Taiwan, more than 50% of patients with oral cancer seek medical help at a late stage. Reliable non-invasive biomarkers for pathological staging and disease monitoring are still lacking. This study aimed to identify a specifi...
Background/Objectives: The trigeminal (CN V) and facial (CN VII) nerves are conventionally taught as separate pathways, yet extensive peripheral anastomoses form sensorimotor plexuses throughout the face. These communications provide the anatomical s...
Multiple North American and European societies now endorse a combined serological and imaging-based clinical care pathway for non-invasive risk stratification of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). A multid...
Background: Missing data, particularly progression-driven dropout, introduces substantial bias in longitudinal oncology studies, directly impacting response classification based on RECIST criteria. While machine learning-based imputation methods are...
Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to systematically synthesize and quantitatively estimate the mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations across populations in Kazakhstan and to examine variations according to age group, health stat...
Background/Objectives: Nanopore sequencing is increasingly used in mycobacterial diagnostics, where clinical microbiologists and diagnostic laboratories must decide when broad metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) or focused targeted next-gen...
Background: Carotid body tumors (CBTs) are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms whose hardness (soft vs. hard) correlates with surgical complexity and perioperative complications. This study aimed to identify predictive multimodal imaging biomarkers of CBTs...
Objectives: Noninvasive prenatal testing relies on the analysis of total cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma, where fetal-derived DNA constitutes only a minor fraction. This study aimed to preliminarily compare a modified TPY cfDNA extraction pr...
Background/Objectives: CT-guided transthoracic core needle biopsy (CT-TTNB) is the standard technique for histological characterization of pulmonary lesions, yet it carries a 15–42% rate of pneumothorax and a 5–27% rate of alveolar hemorr...
Background: Epicardial coronary artery spasm (CAS) is a frequent and important cause of myocardial ischemia. We aimed to develop and validate a noninvasive, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven risk score using routine clinical data to predict CAS in...
Background/Objectives: Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) and clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) are rare clear cell neoplasms with overlapping histopathological features. This study aimed to compare their clinicopathological characteristic...
Background/Objectives: Delayed bone healing remains a relevant complication after polytrauma, where fracture repair occurs in the setting of systemic inflammation and repeated physiologic stress. This study evaluated whether serial changes in interle...
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