Biomolecules, Volume 12, Issue 8

Diabetes mellitus is a common disease affecting more than 537 million adults worldwide. The microvascular complications that occur during the course of the disease are widespread and affect a variety of organ systems in the body. Diabetic retinopathy...

Most neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial, and the discovery of several molecular mechanisms related to their pathogenesis is constantly advancing. Dopamine and dopaminergic receptor subtypes are involved in the pathophysiology of several ne...

Protein aggregation is a well-recognized problem in industrial preparation, including biotherapeutics. These low-energy states constantly compete with a native-like conformation, which is more pronounced in the case of macromolecules of low stability...

Alpha synuclein (aSyn) and its aggregation are crucial for the neurodegeneration of Parkinson’s disease (PD). aSyn was initially described in the nucleus and presynaptic nerve terminals. However, the biology of nuclear aSyn and the link of aSyn...

The purpose of this work is to develop a novel ultrathin fibrous membrane with a core-sheath structure as antibacterial food packaging film. Coaxial electrospinning was exploited to create the core-sheath structure, by which the delivery regulation o...

Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum nicotinamidase could represent a potential antimalarial since parasites require nicotinic acid to successfully recycle nicotinamide to NAD⁺, and importantly, humans lack this biosynthetic enzyme. Recently, mechanis...

Flavodoxins are small electron transport proteins that are involved in a myriad of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic metabolic pathways in Bacteria (including cyanobacteria), Archaea and some algae. The sequenced genome of 0305φ8-36, a large...

Beauvericin (BEA), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), and sterigmatocystin (STC) are emerging mycotoxins. They appear as contaminants in food and animal feed, leading to economic losses and health risks. Human serum albumin (HSA) forms stable complexes with c...

Reactive oxygen species, generated as by-products of mitochondrial electron transport, can induce damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and proteins. Here, we investigated whether the moderate accumulation of mtDNA damage in adult muscles resulted in a...

Osteogenesis imperfecta(OI) is a disease caused by substitution in glycine residues with different amino acids in type I collagen (Gly-Xaa-Yaa)n. Collagen model peptides can capture the thermal stability loss of the helix after Gly mutations, most of...

p-Toluene sulfonamide (p-TSA), a small molecular drug with antineoplastic activity is widely gaining interest from researchers because of its pharmacological activities. In this study, we explored the potential cardio and neural toxicity of p-TSA in...

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is characterised by the absence of enteric ganglia along variable lengths of the distal bowel. Current gold standard treatment involves the surgical resection of the defective, aganglionic bowel. Clear and reliable distinc...

Sesquiterpene compounds are applied as permeation promoters in topical formulations. However, studies exploring their impact on nanostructured systems, changes in permeation profile, and consequently, its biological activity are restricted. This stud...

Despite the variable chemical and physical characteristics of particulate air pollutants, inflammation and oxidative stress have been identified as common mechanisms for cell damage and negative health influences. These effects are produced by organi...

Blood phospho-tau181 may offer a useful biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease. However, the use of either serum or plasma phospho-tau181 and their diagnostic value are currently under intense investigation. In a pilot study, we measured both serum...

There is increasing evidence that many intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in proteins play key functional roles through interactions with other proteins or nucleic acids. These interactions often exhibit a context-dependent structural behavior....

Creep-associated changes in disc bulging and axial strains are essential for the research and development of mechano-bionic biomaterials and have been assessed in various ways in ex vivo creep studies. Nonetheless, the reported methods for measuremen...

Irisin is an adipo-myokine, mainly synthetized in skeletal muscles and adipose tissues, that is involved in multiple processes. Only a few studies have evaluated serum irisin in psoriatic patients. This study aims to analyze serum irisin levels in pa...

Cd, a naturally occurring endocrine toxin found in tobacco leaves, originates in the environment and enters the body through inhalation, targeting the lungs and kidneys. A study published by Larsen-Carey et al. revealed that cadmium mediates the pers...

Due to the ubiquity of environmental micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs), inhalation and ingestion by humans is very likely, but human health effects remain largely unknown. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a key player of the innate immune system and is involve...

Piperidine pharmacophore-containing compounds have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy against a range of diseases and are now being investigated in cancer. A series of 3-chloro-3-methyl-2,6-diarylpiperidin-4-ones, compounds (I–V) were designed a...

The synthesis, degradation, and reconstruction of the cell membrane as a metabolic pathway of phospholipids is a constant and dynamic process. Fatty acids as bioactive lipid components of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids as structural lipids have...

Despite several scientific or ethical issues, fetal bovine serum (FBS) remains the standard nutrient supplement in the mesenchymal stem cell cultivation medium. Cell amplification plays an important role in human stem cell therapies. Increasing inter...

The IFITM restriction factors play a role in cancer cell progression through undefined mechanisms. We investigate new protein–protein interactions for IFITM1/3 in the context of cancer that would shed some light on how IFITM1/3 attenuate the ex...

We longitudinally followed a single-center cohort of anti-phospholipid (aPL) positive healthy subjects to evaluate the evolution to systemic autoimmune diseases (sAD) and to describe clinical and serological associated features. Since 2010, we have c...

In recent years, multifunctional hydrogels have received a great deal of attention because they are biocompatible and can mimic the extracellular matrix. Herein, we prepared hydrogels of biocompatible cross-linked networks with photothermal propertie...

Prolonged elevated oxidative stress (OS) possesses negative effect on cell structure and functioning, and is associated with the development of numerous disorders. Naturally occurred anti-oxidant compounds reduce the oxidative stress in living organi...

Methylation is a crucially important ubiquitous biochemical process, which covalently adds methyl groups to a variety of molecular targets. It is the key regulatory process that determines the acquisition of imprinting and epigenetic marks during gam...

High concentrations of aldehydes may result in poor-quality agricultural distillate. We investigate the influence of the method of mash preparation, the initial pH of the mashes, and different yeast strains on the fermentation efficiency and concentr...

Despite the very large number of phytocannabinoids isolated from Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.), bioactivity studies have long remained focused on the so called “Big Four” [Δ⁹-THC (1), CBD (2), CBG (3) and CBC (4)] because of their e...

The requirement of vitamin A for the synthesis of the visual chromophore and the light-sensing pigments has been studied in vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms. To identify the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate the ocular response to vita...

The Warburg effect, i.e., the utilization of glycolysis under aerobic conditions, is recognized as a survival advantage of cancer cells. However, how the glycolytic activity is affected during drug resistance acquisition has not been explored at sing...

Colon adenocarcinoma is one of the tumors with the highest mortality rate, and tumorigenesis or development of colon adenocarcinoma is the major reason leading to patient death. However, the molecular mechanism and biomarker to predict tumor progress...

Serum ferritin (SF) is an iron-rich protein tightly connected with iron homeostasis, and the variations are frequently observed in diseased states, including iron-deficiency anemia, inflammation, liver disease, and tumors, which renders SF level an i...

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. As a group of NAD+-dependent III deacetylases, the sirtuin (SIRT1–7) family plays...

The highly conserved molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is well-known for maintaining metastable proteins and mediating various aspects of intracellular protein dynamics. Intriguingly, high-throughput interactome studies suggest that H...

Cisplatin is an FDA approved anti-cancer drug that is widely used for the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. However, the severe adverse effects of cisplatin, particularly kidney toxicity, restrict its clinical and medication applications. The m...

Atomic-resolution structural studies of membrane-associated proteins and peptides in a membrane environment are important to fully understand their biological function and the roles played by them in the pathology of many diseases. However, the compl...

The consequences of aging and disease conditions in tissues involve reactive oxygen species (ROS) and related molecular alterations of different cellular compartments. We compared a murine model of immunodeficient (SCID) xenografted young (4 weeks ol...

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common musculoskeletal degenerative disease worldwide, of which the main clinical manifestation is low back pain (LBP); approximately, 80% of people suffer from it in their lifetime. Currently, the pathoge...

Virus discovery has been fueled by new technologies ever since the first viruses were discovered at the end of the 19th century. Starting with mechanical devices that provided evidence for virus presence in sick hosts, virus discovery gradually trans...

Skin inflammation occurs due to immune dysregulation because of internal disorders, infections, and allergic reactions. The inflammation of the skin is a major sign of chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD...

1,3-diaryl-2-propanone derivatives are synthetic compounds used as building blocks for the realization not only of antimicrobial drugs but also of new nanomaterials thanks to their ability to self-assemble in solution and interact with nucleopeptides...

The abnormal regulation and expression of microRNA (miRNA) are closely related to the aging process and the occurrence and development of aging-related diseases. Lethal-7 (let-7) was discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and plays an impo...

Alternative splicing allows the synthesis of different protein variants starting from a single gene. Human Beclin 1 (BECN1) is a key autophagy regulator that acts as haploinsufficient tumor suppressor since its decreased expression correlates with tu...

Diabetic nephropathy is currently the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in type 2 diabetes. Studies have suggested that supplementation with some fatty acids might reduce the risk and delay the progression to ESRD in patient with chroni...

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a major public health event since 2020. Multiple variant strains of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, were detected based on the mutation sites in their sequences. These sequence mutations may lead to changes...

The plasma protein transthyretin (TTR), a transporter for thyroid hormones and retinol in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, is responsible for the second most common type of systemic (ATTR) amyloidosis either in its wild type form or as a result of des...

Coenzyme A (CoA) is ubiquitous and essential for key cellular processes in any living organism. Primary degradation of CoA occurs by enzyme-mediated pyrophosphate hydrolysis intracellularly and extracellularly to form adenosine 3’,5’-diph...

Bioimprinting was performed against ovalbumin (OVA) to confer its binding cavities for kwakhurin (Kwa), an isoflavonoid, produced solely by Pueraria candollei var. mirifica (P. candollei). The characterization of bioimprinted-OVA (biOVA), evaluated b...