Biomolecules, Volume 12, Issue 8

Similar to canine inflammatory enteropathy, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic condition characterized by remission periods and recurrent flares in which diarrhea, visceral pain, rectal bleeding/bloody stools, and weight loss ar...

Normal function of placental extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs), which are responsible for uteroplacental vascular remodeling, is critical for adequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus and normal fetal programming. Proliferation...

Increasing evidence strongly supports the key role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroinflammation may alter s...

The aim of this study was to quantify ESKAPEE bacteria, genes encoding resistance to antibiotics targeting this group of pathogens, as well as integrase genes in municipal wastewater and river water. Environmental DNA was extracted from the collected...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the androgenic hormone testosterone enanthate (TE) on human MG-63 cells. MG-63 were cultured for 24 h in the presence of TE at increasing concentrations to assess its lethal dose. Therefore, the...

Glial cells are the most abundant and widely distributed cells that maintain cerebral homeostasis in the central nervous system. They mainly include microglia, astrocytes, and the oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Moreover, glial cells may induce pathol...

Medial vascular calcification is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is closely linked to hyperphosphatemia. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can take up pro-calcific properties and actively augment vascular calcification. Various pro-infl...

The outbreak of COVID-19 caused millions of deaths worldwide, and the number of total infections is still rising. It is necessary to identify some potentially effective drugs that can be used to prevent the development of severe symptoms, or even dea...

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common complication of antineoplastic drugs, particularly paclitaxel (PTX). It can affect the quality of patients’ lives and increase the risk of developing mood disorders. Although several...

The Gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium Brevibacillus laterosporus (Bl) belongs to the Brevibacillus brevis phylogenetic cluster. Isolates of the species have demonstrated pesticidal potency against a wide range of invertebrate pests and plant...

Over a hundred different autoimmune diseases have been described to date, which can affect every organ in the body, including the largest one, the skin. In fact, up to one-fifth of the world’s population suffers from chronic, noninfectious infl...

ER-PM junctions are membrane contact sites formed by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane (PM) in close apposition together. The formation and stability of these junctions are dependent on constitutive and dynamic enrichment of proteins...

α-Klotho (Klotho) is an antiaging hormone with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Some studies suggest that Klotho increases in response to enhanced oxidative damage and inflammation. Alcoholism is a proinflammatory condition. The...

Anther dehiscence is an important process to release pollen and then is a critical event in pollination. In the wheat photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterility (PTGMS) line, pollen cannot release from anther since the anther cannot dehisce during a...

Proteasomes comprise a family of proteasomal complexes essential for maintaining protein homeostasis. Accordingly, proteasomes represent promising therapeutic targets in multiple human diseases. Several proteasome inhibitors are approved for treating...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causal agent of one of the most devastating infectious diseases worldwide, can evade or modulate the host immune response and remain dormant for many years. In this review, we focus on identifying the local immune resp...

Multiple myeloma is characterized by a wide clinical heterogeneity due to an intricate network of interactions between bone marrow-resident clonal plasma cells and the microenvironment. Over the last years, dramatic improvement in the understanding o...

Background: Cardiovascular events are the main cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease. We hypothesize that the protective effects of renal cholesterol and vitamin D₃ metabolism are lost under this condition. Nephropathy was induced by...

Homomultimerization of MT1-MMP (membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase) through the hemopexin, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains plays a very important role in the activation of proMMP-2 and the degradation of pericellular collagen. MT1-MMP is...

Endometriosis is a chronic disease characterized by the implantation and proliferation of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity. The nonspecific nature of the symptoms and the lack of sensitive, noninvasive diagnostic methods often lead to...

In humans, prenatal alcohol exposure can cause serious health issues in children, known collectively as Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Despite the high prevalence of FASD and a lack of effective treatments, the underlying mechanisms causin...

Background: Epitranscriptomic mechanisms, such as A-to-I RNA editing mediated by ADAR deaminases, contribute to cancer heterogeneity and patients’ stratification. ADAR enzymes can change the sequence, structure, and expression of several RNAs,...

The final maturation step of the 60S ribosomal subunit requires the release of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 (human eIF6, yeast Tif6) to enter the pool of mature ribosomes capable of engaging in translation. This process is mediated by t...

The UNited RESidue (UNRES) model of polypeptide chains was applied to study the association of 20 peptides with sizes ranging from 6 to 32 amino-acid residues. Twelve of those were potentially aggregating hexa- or heptapeptides excised from larger pr...

In eukaryotic cells, loosening of chromatin causes changes in transcription and DNA replication. The artificial conversion of tightly packed chromatin (heterochromatin) to loosely packed chromatin (euchromatin) enables gene expression and regulates c...

Pleiotropy, which refers to the ability of different mutations on the same gene to cause different pathological effects in human genetic diseases, is important in understanding system-level biological diseases. Although some biological experiments ha...

Neurogenesis plays an important role in the prognosis of stroke patients and is known to be promoted by the activation of the Notch1 signaling pathway. Studies on the airway epithelium have shown that miR-449b represses the Notch pathway. The study a...

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an essential structure for the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Alterations to the BBB are linked with a myriad of pathological conditions and play a significant role in the onset and evolution of neurodegenera...

Despite major advances in immunosuppression, allograft rejection remains an important complication after heart transplantation, and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The gold standard invasive strategy to monitor and diagnose c...

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) regulates the stress response in the hypothalamus and modulates neurotransmission across the brain through CRF receptors. Acute stress increases hypothalamic CRF and the GABAergic neurosteroid (3α,5α)3...

The application of chicken waste to farmland could be detrimental to public health. It may contribute to the dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) from feces and their subsequent entry into the fo...

To provide precision medicine for better cancer care, researchers must work on clinical patient data, such as electronic medical records, physiological measurements, biochemistry, computerized tomography scans, digital pathology, and the genetic land...

Protein phase separation is increasingly understood to be an important mechanism of biological organization and biomaterial formation. Intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs) are often significant drivers of protein phase separation. A number...

The detection of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) is one of most important computational challenges in the analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. However, due to the high heterogeneity and dropout noise inherent in scRNAseq dat...

Metastatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS) is an aggressive paediatric cancer with a poor prognosis. Downregulation of critical tumour genes using targeted siRNA remains an obstacle, but association with nanoparticles could help to deliver, protect,...

Outcomes for patients following major peripheral nerve injury are extremely poor. Despite advanced microsurgical techniques, the recovery of function is limited by an inherently slow rate of axonal regeneration. In particular, a time-dependent deteri...

The variable diapause features of bivoltine silkworm (Bombyx mori) strains regulated by environmental signals in the embryonic stage are closely related to epigenetics. Previously, we showed that the expression of YTHDF3 is significantly different in...

Pesticides are routinely used to prevent severe losses in agriculture. This practice is under debate because of its potential negative environmental impact and selection of resistances in pathogens. Therefore, the development of disease resistant pla...

Aging impairs the expression of HSP70, an emergent player in vascular biology. However, it is unknown if age-related alterations in HSP70 are linked to a decline in arterial function. In this study, we test the hypothesis that the contributions of HS...

Angiosarcoma is a rare, devastating malignancy with few curative options for disseminated disease. We analyzed a recently published genomic data set of 48 angiosarcomas and noticed recurrent amplifications of HOXA-cluster genes in 33% of patients. HO...

The reprogrammable CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool’s growing popularity is hindered by unwanted off-target effects. Efforts have been directed toward designing efficient guide RNAs as well as identifying potential off-target threats, yet factor...

The structure of the transmembrane domain of the pH-activated bacterial potassium channel KcsA has been extensively characterized, yet little information is available on the structure of its cytosolic, functionally critical N- and C-termini. This stu...

This study compared the physicochemical and functional properties of starches from eight cultivars of avocado seeds. Amylose content, morphology, crystalline structure, swelling power, solubility, thermal and pasting properties, and in vitro digestib...

Phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), a gut microbiota (GM)-derived metabolite, is associated with cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that disordered GM participated in the progression of atrial fibrillation (AF), but the relationship between PAGln...

Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is part of the leptin-melanocortin pathway and plays an essential role in mediating energy homeostasis. Mutations in the MC4R are the most frequent monogenic cause for obesity. Due to increasing numbers of people with e...

Several studies suggest that different combinations of nutraceutical supplements may improve the lipid profile, representing a viable alternative to statins. However, their effects on individuals with myopathy need to be investigated. The aim of our...

Background: The aim of the study was to define whether edaravone, a free-radical scavenger, influenced angiotensin II (AngII)-induced atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) formation. Methods: Male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (8&nd...

Background: Due to resistance to conventional therapy, a blood–brain barrier that results in poor drug delivery, and a high potential for metastasis, glioblastoma (GBM) presents a great medical challenge. Since the repertoire of the possible th...

Centrins are calcium (Ca²⁺)-binding proteins that are involved in many cellular functions including centrosome regulation. A known cellular target of centrins is SFI1, a large centrosomal protein containing multiple repeats that represent centrin-bin...

Affibodies targeting intracellular proteins have a great potential to function as ideal therapeutic agents. However, little is known about how the affibodies enter target cells to interact with intracellular target proteins. We have previously develo...